結(jié)構(gòu)特點

Structural characteristics

輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)通常采用Q345和Q235鋼，且大部分是Q345鋼。Q345鋼作為常用、成熟的低合金高強度結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼，性能優(yōu)良，可焊性好。除了部分柱底板外，腹板、翼板厚度基本上是4-20mm中薄板，正是對焊接工藝有利的厚度范圍。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)一般不采用箱型、十字型結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)件絕大部分是H型截面。由于經(jīng)濟、受力、結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，一般不采用軋制H型鋼，而大多數(shù)都采用焊接H型鋼。

Lightweight steel structures typically use Q345 and Q235 steel, with the majority being Q345 steel. Q345 steel, as a commonly used and mature low alloy high-strength structural steel, has excellent performance and good weldability. Except for some column base plates, the thickness of the web and wing plates is basically 4-20mm thin plate, which is a favorable thickness range for the welding process. Light steel structures generally do not use box or cross shaped structures, and the majority of components are H-shaped sections. Due to the characteristics of economy, stress, and structure, rolled H-beams are generally not used, and most of them are welded H-beams.

對于H型實腹梁柱結(jié)構(gòu)，易于實現(xiàn)焊接、裝配的自動化。但是除了夾層梁和部分邊柱、中間柱為等截面外，大部分構(gòu)件是變截面形式，這也給焊接的自動化提出了更高的要求。

For H-shaped solid web beam column structures, it is easy to achieve automation of welding and assembly. However, apart from the sandwich beams and some side columns, as well as the intermediate columns, which are of equal cross-section, most components are in a variable cross-section form, which also puts higher requirements on the automation of welding.

切割方法

Cutting method

門式多頭火焰切割是翼板開條的主要切割方法，丙烯、丙烷、LPG類新型燃氣已逐步取代了乙炔。

Portal multi head flame cutting is the main cutting method for wing opening, and new types of gas such as propylene, propane, and LPG have gradually replaced acetylene.

腹板由于板厚較薄，而且大多是楔形形狀，通常采用數(shù)控等離子的切割方法。采用氧氣的等離子切割方法，切割速度快，切割質(zhì)量好，但對消耗電極的要求更高。

Due to its thin thickness and mostly wedge-shaped shape, the web plate is usually cut using CNC plasma cutting method. The plasma cutting method using oxygen has fast cutting speed and good cutting quality, but has higher requirements for electrode consumption.

腹板的切割質(zhì)量對構(gòu)件的裝焊質(zhì)量有很大的影響。由于板厚較薄，切割后的變形或殘余應(yīng)力，將導(dǎo)致腹板的波浪型變形。切割邊緣的質(zhì)量會直接影響腹板與翼板間角焊縫的施焊和焊縫質(zhì)量。

The cutting quality of the web plate has a significant impact on the assembly and welding quality of the components. Due to the thin thickness of the plate, the deformation or residual stress after cutting will lead to wavy deformation of the web. The quality of cutting edges directly affects the welding and quality of the fillet weld between the web and wing plates.

焊接方法

welding method 

焊接工藝和生產(chǎn)流程取決于H型鋼的組立、腹板和翼板間的主焊縫的焊接，因組立方法、焊接方法和焊接位置而異。如機頭移動或工件移動;水平位置或船型位置;單機頭或雙機頭;單絲或雙絲等。

The welding process and production process depend on the assembly of H-shaped steel, the welding of the main weld between the web and wing plates, and vary depending on the assembly method, welding method, and welding position. If the machine head moves or the workpiece moves; Horizontal position or ship type position; Single head or dual head; Single or double filament, etc.

對干薄板結(jié)構(gòu)來說，氣體保護焊無疑是理想的焊接方法。因此，除了拼板采用埋弧自動焊外，其余板件裝焊大都采用氣體保護焊。特別是富氬混合氣體保護焊，由于成型好、飛濺小，對輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)更為適宜。

Gas shielded welding is undoubtedly an ideal welding method for dry thin plate structures. Therefore, except for the use of submerged arc automatic welding for panel assembly, gas shielded welding is mostly used for the assembly and welding of other panel components. Especially for argon rich mixed gas shielded welding, it is more suitable for light steel structures due to its good forming and low splashing.

涂裝

Painting

為防止在堆放、運輸和安裝過程中，不再銹蝕，并為進一步涂裝打基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)件焊接完成后需進行預(yù)處理并噴涂底漆。

To prevent rusting during stacking, transportation, and installation, and to lay the foundation for further painting, pre treatment and primer spraying are required after welding of the components.

構(gòu)件表面處理除銹質(zhì)量等級要求達到Sa2.0～Sa2.5以上。根據(jù)構(gòu)件所處環(huán)境介質(zhì)的不同，選擇防銹底漆。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)底漆主要是醇酸類的，也可以是環(huán)氧富鋅類的。在安裝工地根據(jù)需要再涂刷面漆或防火涂料。

The quality level of rust removal for component surface treatment is required to reach Sa2.0 to Sa2.5 or above. Choose a rust resistant primer based on the different environmental media in which the components are located. The primer for light steel structures is mainly alkyd or epoxy zinc rich. Apply topcoat or fireproof coating as needed at the installation site.

輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)主要是H型實腹梁柱結(jié)構(gòu)，因而表面處理和涂裝工藝較簡單，也容易實現(xiàn)機械化流水作業(yè)。表面處理采用拋丸工藝，滾道式或懸掛式送進方式。噴漆一般為手工操作，結(jié)合懸掛式拋丸，也可是半機械化的流水線作業(yè)。

The light steel structure is mainly an H-shaped solid web beam column structure, so the surface treatment and coating process are relatively simple, and it is also easy to achieve mechanized assembly line operations. The surface treatment adopts shot blasting process, with roller track or suspension feeding method. Spray painting is generally manual operation, combined with hanging shot blasting, or a semi mechanized assembly line operation.

噴漆前的表面處理，對構(gòu)件底漆防腐效果非常關(guān)鍵，而漆膜厚度和均勻性將直接影響構(gòu)件的防腐性能。

The surface treatment before painting is crucial for the anti-corrosion effect of the component primer, and the thickness and uniformity of the paint film will directly affect the anti-corrosion performance of the component.

主要工藝問題

Main process issues

由于輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和重鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在鋼種、板厚、結(jié)構(gòu)形式多方面有著很大的區(qū)別，因而在焊接制作上所面臨的主要難點和問題也有很大的區(qū)別。

Due to the significant differences between light steel structures and heavy steel structures in terms of steel type, plate thickness, and structural form, there are also significant differences in the main difficulties and problems faced in welding production.

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